# ஒளியிலிருந்து இருளுக்கு
{{< figure
  src="images/Carbonfilament.jpg"
  alt=""
  caption="கார்பன் இழை விளக்கு"
>}}

## மேலதிக வாசிப்புக்கு:

1. Patrick Gaughen ["Structural Inefficiency in the Early Twentieth Century: Studies in the Aluminum and Incandescent Lamp Markets"](https://web.archive.org/web/20050204082354/http:/www.andover.edu/aep/papers/610/pgaughen98.pdf) Social Science 610, December, 1998, 36 pp.
    
2. For a detailed look at the incandescent lightbulb industry in the early 20th century, see Volume 3 of I.J. Blanken’s The History of Philips Electronics N.V. (European Library, 1999). 
    
3. Cartels in Action: Case Studies in International Business Diplomacy. by George W. Stocking, Myron W. Watkins, January 1, 1946, ‎ Twentieth Century Fund 
    
4. Markus Krajewski (24 September 2014). ["The Great Lightbulb Conspiracy"](https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-great-lightbulb-conspiracy). [IEEE Spectrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Spectrum).
    

[Made to Break: Technology and Obsolescence in America](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/445551.Made_to_Break) by Giles Slade